Entre a Fome-tabu e o Trauma Intencional: Implicações Políticas e Metapsicológicas da Fome / Between Famine-taboo and Intentional Trauma: Political and Metapsychological Implications of Famine / Entre el Tabú del Hambre y el Trauma Intencional: Implicaciones Políticas y Metapsicológicas del Hambre

A partir do reconhecimento de uma situação original de desamparo e dependência do outro a qual a criança está estruturalmente submetida, pontua-se que o apaziguamento da fome - considerado uma necessidade fundamental - culmina na consolidação da alteridade como lugar de referência e endereçamento, na erogeneização do corpo próprio, na constituição do Eu e na potencialização do devir do desejo. Logo, a fome e o fracasso do apelo ao outro são experiências potencialmente traumáticas, que produzem vulnerabilidades sociais e psíquicas graves e duradouras. Entende-se que as frustrações das expectativas de saciedade da fome, sobretudo na infância, produzem uma espécie de dor moral, correlata à fragilização da confiança no outro. Com Josué de Castro, reforça-se o aspecto político inarredável da fome, que se amalgama a suas implicações psíquicas e físicas. Com o médico e escritor pernambucano, sublinha-se a existência de uma intenção histórica do Estado brasileiro de ignorar, desmentir e até mesmo provocar a fome. É lembrado que, como um arguto leitor de Freud, o autor faz uso da teoria pulsional psicanalítica como operador conceitual para pensar a fome. Na esteira da contribuição de Castro, Ferenczi é trazido à baila a fim de fundamentar o caráter intencional e político do trauma da fome.

From the recognition of an original situation of helplessness and dependence on the other to which the child is structurally subjected, it is pointed out that the appeasement of hunger - considered a fundamental need - culminates in the consolidation of alterity as a place of reference and addressing, in the erogenization of the own body, the constitution of the Self, and the potentialization of desire's becoming. Therefore, hunger and the failure of the appeal to the other are potentially traumatic experiences that produce serious and lasting social and psychological vulnerabilities. Thence, frustrating the expectations of hunger's satiety, especially in childhood, produce a kind of moral pain, which is correlated to the weakening of trust the other. With Josué de Castro, the inescapable political aspect of hunger, which is merged with its psychological and physical implications, is reinforced. From his ideas, the existence of a historical intention of the Brazilian state to ignore, deny, and even provoke hunger is emphasized. As a keen reader of Freud, the author uses psychoanalytic drive theory as a conceptual operator to think about hunger. Following Castro's contribution, Ferenczi is brought up to support the intentional and political nature of hunger trauma.

A partir del reconocimiento de una situación original de desamparo y dependencia del otro a la que el niño está estructuralmente sometido, se señala que el apaciguamiento del hambre - considerada una necesidad fundamental - culmina en la consolidación de la alteridad como lugar de referencia y direccionamiento, la erogeneización del cuerpo propio, la constitución del Yo y la potencialización del devenir del deseo. Entonces, el hambre y el fracaso del llamado al otro son experiencias potencialmente traumáticas que producen vulnerabilidades sociales y psicológicas graves y duraderas. Las frustraciones de las expectativas de saciedad del hambre, especialmente en la infancia, origina un dolor moral, correlacionado con el debilitamiento de la confianza en el otro. Con Josué de Castro, se refuerza el aspecto político ineludible del hambre, que se amalgama a sus implicaciones psicológicas y físicas. Con el escritor brasileño, se enfatiza la existencia de una intención histórica del Estado brasileño de ignorar, negar e incluso provocar el hambre. Se recuerda que, como lector perspicaz de Freud, el autor utiliza la teoría pulsional psicoanalítica como operador conceptual para pensar en el hambre. Siguiendo la contribución de Castro, Ferenczi se pone de relieve para respaldar la naturaleza intencional y política del trauma del hambre.

THE SHAPING OF WOMANHOOD – A STUDY OF BHARATI MUKHERJEE'S JASMINE

The objective of the article is to intricate the mission of Bharati Mukherjee's female character in ?nding a space for her own without protesting but escaping the patriarchal dominance. Mukherjee focuses on the feminine issues from an existentialistic view to discover women's aspiration for freedom. The existentialist visualization of Bharati Mukherjee elucidates the transcending realities of women which is the most important contribution to the mpowerment of modern women. Her protagonist in her novel Jasmine moves away from all socially de?ned roles and determines to exist as independent soul in a new land to celebrate her unique self. Mukherjee's concept of self-emergence by walking away from patriarchy is highlighted and the better existence of woman as powerful and exclusive being in a faraway land is also scrutinized in this research work. Mukherjee's unique treatment of women places her as a prominent writer in the ?eld of Indian English Literature.

Association between severe famine exposure in different life cycles and central obesity in adulthood / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the association between famine exposure in different life cycles and the risk of central obesity. Methods A total of 2234 spermanent residents were recruited to participate in the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) Study ,they were grouped into four birth cohorts of fetal-exposed (born between January 1,1959, and December 31,1961,95 cases), childhood-exposed (born between January 11,949, and December 31,1958,533 cases), adolescence/adult-exposed (born between January 1,1931, and December 31,1948,256 cases),unexposed cohorts（born after January 1, 1975，871 cases).we used logistic regression model to assess the effect of famine exposure on central obesity in adulthood. Results After adjusting for confounding factors, females in the fetal/infant exposure group（OR=3.283,95%CI：1.472～7.321,P＜0.001）、childhood- exposed group (OR=3.557,95%CI：2.374～5.313,P＜0.001) and adolescence/adult-exposed group (OR=5.785，95%CI：3.536～9.492，P＜0.001) had a higher risk of adult central obesity than the control group.After excluding the subjects with coronary heart disease、cancer、diabetes、stroke or obesity, sensitivity analysis was carried out. The risk of central obesity increased in the female / fetal、childhood、adolescent / adult exposure group,which was unfound in males. Conclusion Severe famine exposure in fetal/infant、childhood and adolescence/adulthood can increase the risk of central obesity in adulthood in females. Therefore, the prevention and control of central obesity in female should start from the early life.

Association between early life exposure to famine and risk for subtype and classification of hypertension in middle and old age / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the relationship between exposure to famine in early life stage and hypertension phenotype and grade in middle and old age. Methods People born between 1951 and 1965 in the 2015 China Health and Elderly Care Follow-up Survey were included in the study, and were divided into unexposed group, fetal exposed group, childhood exposed group and adolescent exposed group according to the time of famine occurrence and birth year of the participants. Logistic regression model was used to explore the effects of different famine exposure periods in early life stage on hypertension classification （including normal high value, grade I, grade II and grade III） and phenotype （including isolated systolic hypertension[ISH], isolated diastolic hypertension [IDH] and combined systolic and diastolic hypertension [SDH]）. Results Compared with unexposed group, fetal famine exposure （OR=1.59, 95% CI :1.10-2.30）, childhood famine exposure （OR=1.67, 95% CI :1.04-2.70） and adolescent famine exposure （OR=3.42, 95% CI : 2.51-4.66） were the risk factors for ISH. Only famine exposure during adolescence （OR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.07-2.21） was a risk factor for SDH. In addition, fetal famine exposure （OR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.05-1.89） and adolescent famine exposure （OR=2.22 , 95% CI: 1.71-2.88） were risk factors for developing grade I hypertension. Famine exposure in childhood （OR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.21-4.94） and famine exposure in adolescence （OR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.44-4.19） were risk factors for grade 2 hypertension. Conclusion Famine exposure in early life stage was associated with the phenotype and grade of hypertension. Therefore, balanced nutrition in early life is important to prevent hypertension in adulthood.

Famine exposure during early life and risk of metabolic syndrome in adulthood in China: a meta-analysis / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To analyze the relationship between early-life famine exposure and the risk of metabolic syndrome in Chinese population.Methods:Relevant literature on the relationship between early-life famine exposure and the risk of metabolic syndrome in the Chinese population was retrieved from databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, Web of Science, and PubMed. The search was conducted from the inception of the databases up to October 2022. Two researchers independently extracted and systematically evaluated the data from the literature, and meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 software. Results:A total of 12 publications met the inclusion criteria, including 71 470 study subjects. Meta-analysis results showed that early-life famine exposure increased the risk of metabolic syndrome in the Chinese population( OR=1.28, 95% CI 1.16-1.40). Subgroup analysis showed that both fetal famine exposure( OR=1.25, 95% CI 1.03-1.52) and childhood famine exposure( OR=1.29, 95% CI 1.15-1.45) increased the risk of developing metabolic syndrome compared to the non-exposed group, and this significant association was only found in the female population. Conclusion:Early-life exposure to famine may increase the risk of developing metabolic syndrome in adulthood in the Chinese population, particularly among females.

La falacia de los niños gordos anémicos / The fallacy of the fat anemic child

Fundamento: los estudios sugieren la presencia de deficiencia de hierro en niños obesos, lo que conduciría a una mayor incidencia de anemia en este grupo. Objetivo: evaluar la prevalencia de anemia entre niños con sobrepeso y obesidad de dos niveles socioeconómicos y dos regiones diferentes en Brasil. Métodos: se obtuvieron datos de hemoglobina y antropometría de 598 niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad de dos servicios especializados en la atención de estos niños. Resultados: la prevalencia global de anemia fue del 5,8% y el nivel medio de hemoglobina fue de 13,2 mg / dL, sin diferencia estadística para los dos indicadores según sobrepeso u obesidad y grupo de edad. Sin embargo, la hemoglobina media fue mayor entre los varones y, en el servicio con atención prestada a una población de menor nivel socioeconómico, la prevalencia de anemia fue mayor. Conclusión: la prevalencia de anemia encontrada en niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad fue bastante baja, siendo mayor en la población más pobre. Para los niños y adolescentes con sobrepeso, la anemia parece estar más relacionada con el nivel socioeconómico que con la presencia de exceso de peso.

Background: studies suggest the presence of iron deficiency among obese children, which would lead to a higher incidence of anemia in this group. Aim: to assess the prevalence of anemia among overweight and obese children from two socioeconomic levels and two different regions in Brazil. Methods: hemoglobin and anthropometric data on 598 overweight and obese children and adolescents were obtained from two services specialized in the care of these children. Results: the overall prevalence of anemia was 5.8% and mean hemoglobin level was 13.2 mg/dL, with no statistical difference for the two indicators according to overweight or obesity and age group. However, the mean hemoglobin was higher among boys and, in the service with care provided to a population of lower socioeconomic status, the prevalence of anemia was higher. Conclusion: the prevalence of anemia found among overweight and obese children and adolescents was quite low, being higher in the poorest population. For overweight children and adolescents, anemia seems to be more related to socioeconomic status than to the presence of excess weight.

Association between Chinese Famine Exposure and the Risk of Overweight/Obesity and Abdominal Obesity in Laterlife: A Cross-sectional Study / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

This study aimed to examine the association between famine exposure in different stages of life and the risk of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity in laterlife. A total of 12,458 participants were categorized into non-exposure and four direct exposures, including fetal, childhood, adolescence, and adult exposure. Only risk of being overweight or obesity in adolescence exposure [odds ratio ( ), 1.45; 95% confidence interval ( ), 1.08-1.94] was significantly higher than in non-exposure. Childhood ( , 1.27; 95% , 1.05-1.54) and adolescence ( , 1.53; 95% , 1.15-2.05) exposures had significantly an increased risk of abdominal obesity compared with non-exposure. Additionally, different famine severity exposures had different influences on the development of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity. Famine exposure in adolescence, which was a behavior formative period, can increase the risk of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity in adulthood, specifically in famine severely affect area.

Exposure to famine in fetus and infant period and risk for hypertension in adulthood / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the relationship between exposure to famine in fetus and infant period and the risks for hypertension in adulthood.@*Methods@#A total of 5 960 participants born between 1956 and 1965 were included in the study and were divided into unexposed group (1963-1965), fetal exposed group (1959-1961), early- childhood exposed group (1956-1958) and transitional group (1962). Logistic regression model was used to explore the association between famine exposure in early life and the risk for hypertension in adulthood.@*Results@#Both the fetal exposure and the early-childhood exposure were the risk factors for hypertension in adulthood (OR=1.249, 95%CI: 1.049-1.486 and OR=1.360, 95%CI: 1.102-1.679). Meanwhile, in rural area, compared with unexposed group, the fetal exposure (OR=1.401, 95%CI: 1.091-1.798) and the early-childhood exposure (OR=1.460, 95%CI: 1.145-1.862) were also associated with a greater risk of hypertension in adulthood. In addition, fetal exposure and early-childhood exposure to famine in women were associated with 36.0% and 31.9% increased risks for hypertension (95%CI: 7.8%-71.7% and 95%CI: 4.8%-66.0%) according to the stratified analysis.@*Conclusion@#Fetal exposure to famine might increase the risk for hypertension in adulthood.

Exposure to famine in fetus and infant period and risk for hypertension in adulthood / 中华流行病学杂志

To investigate the relationship between exposure to famine in fetus and infant period and the risks for hypertension in adulthood. A total of 5 960 participants born between 1956 and 1965 were included in the study and were divided into unexposed group (1963-1965), fetal exposed group (1959-1961), early- childhood exposed group (1956-1958) and transitional group (1962). Logistic regression model was used to explore the association between famine exposure in early life and the risk for hypertension in adulthood. Both the fetal exposure and the early-childhood exposure were the risk factors for hypertension in adulthood (=1.249, 95: 1.049-1.486 and =1.360, 95: 1.102-1.679). Meanwhile, in rural area, compared with unexposed group, the fetal exposure (=1.401, 95: 1.091-1.798) and the early-childhood exposure (=1.460, 95: 1.145-1.862) were also associated with a greater risk of hypertension in adulthood. In addition, fetal exposure and early-childhood exposure to famine in women were associated with 36.0 and 31.9 increased risks for hypertension (95: 7.8-71.7 and 95: 4.8-66.0) according to the stratified analysis. Fetal exposure to famine might increase the risk for hypertension in adulthood.

El plátano: indicador de hambre y escasez de alimentos en familias beneficiarias de programas alimentarios en Vigía del Fuerte, Colombia / Plantain: indicator of hunger and food shortage in families benefiting from food programs in Vigia del Fuerte, Colombia

RESUMEN Objetivo Interpretar la percepción de hambre y escasez de alimentos en familias beneficiarias de Programas alimentarios MANA (Mejoramiento Alimentario y Nutricional de Antioquia) en Vigía del Fuerte. Método La investigación se orientó desde el enfoque cualitativo, usando la Etnografía Focalizada como método, para la recolección de la información se utilizaron entrevistas individuales y grupos de discusión. Resultados Las comunidades de la cuenca del río Murrí están protegidas del hambre física por la disponibilidad permanente del plátano; el hambre está asociada a la ausencia de carne o "liga" y al hecho de comer "plátano vacío"; así mismo se refieren al hambre como la sensación de desasosiego, debido al dolor de cabeza y de estómago que experimentan de manera permanente e intensa. Conclusiones A pesar de que las comunidades vigieñas disponen durante todo el tiempo de plátano, protegiéndolas del hambre física; estas no lo aprecian así, como alimento que calma su hambre y los libera, de cierta manera, de la escasez, porque su presencia como único alimento disponible, les recuerda, precisamente, que tienen carencia y hambre.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the perception of hunger and food shortage in families benefiting from MANA (Food and Nutritional Improvement) food programs in Vigía del Fuerte, Colombia. Methods Qualitative research, using focused ethnography as a method for collecting information. Individual interviews and discussion groups were used. Results Even though the communities that live by the Murrí River basin are protected from physical hunger due to the constant availability of plantain or musa, hunger is associated with the absence of meat or liga and the fact that they feel forced to eat empty musa. They also refer to hunger as the feeling of uneasiness caused by headache and stomachache. Conclusions Despite the fact that the communities of Vigía del Fuerte have access to plantain throughout the year, thus protecting them from physical hunger, they do not consider it as food that could calm their hunger and free them from scarcity. This happens because its presence as the only food available reminds them, precisely, that they lack certain conditions and feel hunger.(AU)

Effect of famine exposure on the risk of chronic disease in later life among population in Harbin / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the relations between famine exposure and the risk of chronic diseases as diabetes mellitus,obesity,hypertension,coronary heart disease and stroke in the population of Harbin.Methods Our data was collected from the baseline survey-the China Kadoorie Biobank project (CKB) in Harbin.Retrospective cohort study design was used.Related risks on chronic diseases including diabetes mellitus,obesity,hypertension,coronary heart disease and stroke,were compared among the famine exposed or non-exposed people,respectively by logistic analysis method.Results After adjusted for factors as age,sex,physical activity,smoking,alcohol intake,diet,family history of diseases,it appeared that the factor ‘ famine exposure'had increased the risks of diseases as obesity (OR=1.204,95％CI:1.104-1.313,P＜0.01),hypertension (OR=1.315,95％CI:1.210-1.429,P＜0.01) and coronary heart disease (OR=1.495,95％CI:1.369-1.632,P＜0.01).The lower the age of population being exposed to famine,the greater the risk of the development of all kinds of chronic diseases.Conclusions Famine exposure appeared a risk factor for obesity,hypertension,and coronary heart disease.It is of great significance to ensure the life-long nutrition of the people,especially in the early and adolescent stages,to prevent obesity,hypertension,and coronary heart disease in their later lives.

Effect of famine exposure on the risk of chronic disease in later life among population in Harbin / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the relations between famine exposure and the risk of chronic diseases as diabetes mellitus,obesity,hypertension,coronary heart disease and stroke in the population of Harbin.Methods Our data was collected from the baseline survey-the China Kadoorie Biobank project (CKB) in Harbin.Retrospective cohort study design was used.Related risks on chronic diseases including diabetes mellitus,obesity,hypertension,coronary heart disease and stroke,were compared among the famine exposed or non-exposed people,respectively by logistic analysis method.Results After adjusted for factors as age,sex,physical activity,smoking,alcohol intake,diet,family history of diseases,it appeared that the factor ‘ famine exposure'had increased the risks of diseases as obesity (OR=1.204,95％CI:1.104-1.313,P＜0.01),hypertension (OR=1.315,95％CI:1.210-1.429,P＜0.01) and coronary heart disease (OR=1.495,95％CI:1.369-1.632,P＜0.01).The lower the age of population being exposed to famine,the greater the risk of the development of all kinds of chronic diseases.Conclusions Famine exposure appeared a risk factor for obesity,hypertension,and coronary heart disease.It is of great significance to ensure the life-long nutrition of the people,especially in the early and adolescent stages,to prevent obesity,hypertension,and coronary heart disease in their later lives.

Historical Demography of Iceland.

Knowledge of the seasonal variation in births and deaths during normal years is important for analyses of the effects of wars, famines, epidemics or similar privations on these variables. In studies of seasonality, multiple trigonometric regression models are more flexible than the simple sine curve. The seasonal variation in mortality in Iceland, 1856-1990, shows a strong secular decrease, and a connection between this and the epidemiological transition is considered. Comparisons with findings in other European countries are made. The temporal trends in Iceland of the birth components; the twinning rate, the still birth rate and the secondary sex ratio, are presented and compared with the corresponding values in neighbouring countries. No marked differences were emerged.

Bamboo flowering and its impact on the Adis of Upper Siang District of Arunachal Pradesh, India.

Bamboo flowering is always associated with rise of rodent population and ultimately famine. Bamboo flowering not only causes famine, it also deprive people from getting bamboo raw materials for daily use as well as for commercial purpose. The present paper is an attempt to highlight the impact of bamboo flowering on the Adis (a tribe of Arunachal Pradesh), of Upper Siang district, Arunachal Pradesh, India. It focuses on the impact of bamboo flowering and how the local people are dealing with this problems. It also highlights the consequences of bamboo flowering.

Effects of the Periodical Spread of Rinderpest on Famine, Epidemic, and Tiger Disasters in the late 17th Century / 의사학

This study clarifies the causes of the repetitive occurrences of such phenomena as rinderpest, epidemic, famine, and tiger disasters recorded in the Joseon Dynasty Chronicle and the Seungjeongwon Journals in the period of great catastrophe, the late 17th century in which the great Gyeongsin famine (1670~1671) and the great Eulbyeong famine (1695~1696) occurred, from the perspective that they were biological exchanges caused by the new arrival of rinderpest in the early 17th century. It is an objection to the achievements by existing studies which suggest that the great catastrophes occurring in the late 17th century are evidence of phenomena in a little ice age. First of all, rinderpest has had influence on East Asia as it had been spread from certain areas in Machuria in May 1636 through Joseon, where it raged throughout the nation, and then to the west part of Japan. The new arrival of rinderpest was indigenized in Joseon, where it was localized and spread periodically while it was adjusted to changes in the population of cattle with immunity in accordance with their life spans and reproduction rates. As the new rinderpest, which showed high pathogenicity in the early 17th century, was indigenized with its high mortality and continued until the late 17th century, it broke out periodically in general. Contrastively, epidemics like smallpox and measles that were indigenized as routine ones had occurred constantly from far past times. As a result, the rinderpest, which tried a new indigenization, and the human epidemics, which had been already indigenized long ago, were unexpectedly overlapped in their breakout, and hence great changes were noticed in the aspects of the human casualty due to epidemics. The outbreak of rinderpest resulted in famine due to lack of farming cattle, and the famine caused epidemics among people. The casualty of the human population due to the epidemics in turn led to negligence of farming cattle, which constituted factors that triggered rage and epidemics of rinderpest. The more the number of sources of infection and hosts with low immunity increased, the more lost human resources and farming cattle were lost, which led to a great famine. The periodic outbreak of the rinderpester along with the routine prevalence of various epidemics in the 17thcentury also had influenced on domestic and wild animals. Due to these phenomenon, full-fledged famines occurred that were incomparable with earlier ones. The number of domestic animals that were neglected by people who, faced with famines, were not able to take care of them was increased, and this might have brought about the rage of epidemics like rinderpest in domestic animals like cattle. The great Gyeongsin and Eulbyeong famines due to reoccurrence of the rinderpest in the late 17th century linked rinderpester, epidemics and great famines so that they interacted with each other. Furthermore, the recurring cycle of epidemics-famines-rinderpest-great famines constituted a great cycle with synergy, which resulted in eco-economic-historical great catastrophes accompanied by large scale casualties. Therefore, the Gyeongsin and Eulbyeong famines occurring in the late 17th century can be treated as events caused by the repetition of various periodic disastrous factors generated in 1670~1671 and in 1695~1696 respectively, and particularly as phenomena caused by biological exchanges based on rinderpester., rather than as little ice age phenomena due to relatively long term temperature lowering.

Association between early life exposure to famine and damaging the liver and kidney function / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To examine how early life exposure to famine would impact on liver and kidney functions and related chronic metabolic diseases during adulthood.Methods A random cluster sampling method was adopted in Anhui province,2011 from a physical examination center,in a first-class hospital.4 252 study subjects were born between 1957 and 1963.According to the time of birth:the study subjects were divided into three groups,respectively:1957-1958 (983 persons as pre-famine),1959-1961 (1 247 persons as exposed to famine) or 1962-1963 (2 022 persons as controls,also the post-famine).Variances between groups AST,ALT,r-GGT,differences in the levels of SCr,UA,UREA and the change trend were compared.Results ALT,IBIL,TBIL,SCr,UREA were statistically different (P＜0.05) among subjects born in the different years.r-GGT,ALT,AST,ALB,SCr were statistically different (P＜0.05) among males bornin different years so as the r-GGT,AST,ALB,GLB,TP,SCr,UA,UREA in females (P＜0.05).r-GGT,ALT,ALB,SCr differences statistically significant (P＜0.05) and r-GGT,AST,ALB,GLB,TP,SCr,UA,UREA in females were statistically significantly different (P＜0.05).Conclusion Early life poor nutrition could lead to developmental disorders,organ function damage in liver and kidney function during adulthood.Women appeared to have balanced diet nutrition during pregnancy which was far important in the prevention on adulthood chronic metabolic diseases.

Attack rate of diabetes mellitus is significantly high in adults,born in 1960(intermediate stage of famine times) / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To examine the association between food shortage and malnutrition in earlier life and diabetes mellitus in adulthood,to provide evidence for formulation of the strategy for preventing diabetes mellitus.Methods:The data of medical examination center(MEC)of a certain hospital in Chongqing was gathered.People born during the period of 1959 to 1964 were enrolled in the research.The study group was born from 1959 to 1960.The control group was born from 1962 to 1964.The attack rate and distribution of diabetes mellitus between two groups were compared by retrospective study.Results:The mean level of blood glucose was significantly higher in the 1960 group than that in non-famine group(P